英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試正在激烈備考中，為了讓同學(xué)們更好的了解英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試，社科賽斯考研網(wǎng)小編為同學(xué)們整理了2018年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題答案解析。
【2018年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)選詞填空答案】
26. F damage (損害)
27. B associated (與……有聯(lián)系)
28. M sources (來(lái)源)
29. D constant (不斷的， 常存在的)
30. G described (描述)
31. E control (控制)
32. H equals (等同于)
33. K regularly (經(jīng)常地)
34. I exclusively (僅僅，唯一地)
35. O vehicles (車輛)
【四級(jí)選詞填空答案解析】
26. F damage
空格所在句子的含義為：空氣污染每年在福利費(fèi)用方面給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)造成5萬(wàn)多億損失，最大的... ...發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。根據(jù)上下文可知這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)跟損失有關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯，另外在語(yǔ)法上這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞被devastating，“具有破壞力的”修飾，所以我們應(yīng)該可以確定答案為damage， “損害”n.
27. B associated
空格所在句子的含義為：這個(gè)福利數(shù)字包含許多與空氣污染... ...的福利費(fèi)用，比如健康與消費(fèi)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法上判斷，這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞做costs 的后置定語(yǔ)，另外從語(yǔ)義上判斷，associated with air pollution做cost的后置定語(yǔ)，表示與空氣污染相關(guān)的費(fèi)用，語(yǔ)義上也符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
28. M sources
空格所在的句子的含義為：室內(nèi)污染，包括像暖氣和做飯一樣的... ...。從語(yǔ)法上判斷這里應(yīng)該填入名詞，并且這個(gè)名詞是一個(gè)大范圍的詞可以包括暖氣和做飯，另外從語(yǔ)義上判斷sources like home heating and cooking 表示像暖氣和做飯一樣的來(lái)源也符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
29. D constant
空格所在句子的句子，是28空所在句子的下半句，含義為：室內(nèi)污染，包括像暖氣和做飯一樣的來(lái)源，在過(guò)去的幾十年間... ...，盡管室內(nèi)污染這個(gè)區(qū)域取得了一些進(jìn)步。從語(yǔ)法上判斷，這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞，另外從語(yǔ)義上判斷，constant“不斷的，常存在的”，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
30. G described
空格所在句子的含義為：Chris Murray 參與了這次報(bào)告，她把這次報(bào)告...為對(duì)行動(dòng)的緊急呼吁。從語(yǔ)法上，這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，另外從語(yǔ)義上看，describe表示描述，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
31. E control
空格所在句子的含義為：在所有造成過(guò)早死的不同危險(xiǎn)因素當(dāng)中，我們所呼吸的空氣是一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)個(gè)人無(wú)法... ...。從語(yǔ)法上判斷，本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞，從語(yǔ)義上看，control表示控制，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
32. H equals
空格所詞組的含義為：收入幾乎... ... GDP的1%。 從語(yǔ)法上判斷，本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，從語(yǔ)義上看equal表示等同于，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
33. K regularly
空格所在句子的含義為：低中收入國(guó)家當(dāng)約十分之九的人住在有空氣污染的地區(qū)，在這些地區(qū)他們 ... ... 經(jīng)受達(dá)到危險(xiǎn)水平的室外空氣污染。從語(yǔ)法上判斷，本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞，來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞experience，“經(jīng)受”，從語(yǔ)義上看regularly experience，表示經(jīng)常經(jīng)受，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
34. I exclusively
空格所在句子的含義為：但是這個(gè)問(wèn)題不... ...局限于發(fā)展中國(guó)家。從語(yǔ)法上判斷，本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞limited，“局限”，從語(yǔ)義上看exclusively“唯一的，僅僅”，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
35. O vehicles
空格所在句子的含義為：在許多歐洲國(guó)家，柴油車輛在近幾年變得更加普遍。從語(yǔ)法上判斷，本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞，來(lái)被diesel修飾，，從語(yǔ)義上看diesel vehicles表示柴油車輛，復(fù)合上下文語(yǔ)境。
【四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀真題參考答案】
D 36. More than half the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
B 37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.
G 38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
A 39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
I 40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
F 41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teachers patients how to cook it.
C 42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
J 43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
E 44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
G 45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
【英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀真題答案解析】
36. 答案：D
解析：D段中In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food與該題干More than half the food Americans eat is factory-produced.屬于同義替換。
37. 答案：B
解析：B段中的 The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients與該題干There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.屬于同義替換。
38. 答案：G
解析：G段中Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases與該題干There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.屬于同義替換。
39. 答案：A
解析：A段中Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.與該題干 A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.屬于同義替換。
40. 答案：I
解析：I 段中 So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. 與該題干Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.屬于同義替換。
41. 答案：F
解析：F段中 The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. 與該題干One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.屬于同義替換。
42. 答案：C
解析：C段中“So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”與該題干Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.屬于同義替換。
43. 答案：J
解析：J段中的In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.與該題干Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.屬于同義替換。
44. 答案：E
解析：E段中的 The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (藥物). 與該題干Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.屬于同義替換。
45. 答案：G
解析：G段中的the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. 與該題干Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.屬于同義替換。
46. 【B】 By drawing water from the depths of the earth。
答案解析：根據(jù)題干中的“California’s drought crisis”、“researchers”定位到文章第一段第三句“New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis”意為“最 新的研究表明，位于州地下的深水儲(chǔ)量可以幫助解決干旱危機(jī)”，B選項(xiàng)意為“通過(guò)獲取地表下深處的水源...”與原文意義相同，且 “drawing water”、“depth of the earth”可以和“deep water reserves”、“under the state” 進(jìn)行同義替換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
47. 【B】It was not considered worth the expense.
答案解析：根據(jù)題干，“從地下提取水源”可以得出哪些結(jié)論，定位到原文第二段的內(nèi)容，前兩句主要說(shuō)從深水層提取水花費(fèi)會(huì)很高，尤其是第二句后半句“...,which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns”意為“抽水將會(huì)很貴并且還會(huì)有其他問(wèn)題”。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有B選項(xiàng)，“認(rèn)為這筆花費(fèi)不值得”可以對(duì)應(yīng)，為正確選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“By building more reserves of groundwater”原文沒(méi)有提及建立更多儲(chǔ)水空間，為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng);C選項(xiàng)“建立更多的鉆口設(shè)備”，原文沒(méi)有提及可以排除;D選項(xiàng)“升級(jí)分配系統(tǒng)”原文也未提及，排除。
48. 【A】The sinking of land surface.
答案解析：題干意為“提取地下水的結(jié)果是什么?”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第二段第三句“The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface”意為“從這個(gè)深度提取水源最大的問(wèn)題就是地表會(huì)逐漸下移”后面一句又進(jìn)一步解釋“As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.”“提取水源后，留下的空隙會(huì)被地表的重量壓縮”。A選項(xiàng)意為“地表下沉”，符合原意，為正確選項(xiàng)，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)原文均未提及。
49. 【D】They provide a steady supply of freshwater.
答案解析：題干問(wèn)作者關(guān)于深井的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)“deep well”定位到原文第三段最后一句話的前半句“Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater，...”意為“這些深井是非常穩(wěn)定的淡水資源”，對(duì)應(yīng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有D選項(xiàng)“他們提供了一種穩(wěn)定的淡水供給”符合，“reliable”和“steady”為近義詞可替換，且有原詞“freshwater”復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此為正確選項(xiàng)。
50. 【C】 The cost may go up due to desalination.
答案解析：題干問(wèn)“當(dāng)深水層被用于淡水資源來(lái)源地，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象”，根據(jù)題干要求定位到第四段第二句“ This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost”意為“有些井可能在提取后需要進(jìn)行脫鹽，因此會(huì)增加成本”，注意結(jié)果詞“thus”，對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)提及成本可能會(huì)因?yàn)槊擕}上升，為正確選項(xiàng)。
51.What does the author want to show with the example of Alpha Go——s victory?
D.Computers can become highly intelligent.
解析：首先按照題文同序原則以及關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段The Alpha Go program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.該句為段落中心句，阿爾法狗這一科研項(xiàng)目的成功，是計(jì)算機(jī)變得聰明和智能化的一個(gè)例證。smart同義替換intelligent，故D選項(xiàng)為本題正確答案。
52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
B.They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
解析：通過(guò)acting ethically定位至文章第二段，第二段寫到Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? 作者在該段發(fā)問(wèn)，是否機(jī)器人在面臨選擇時(shí)，可以通過(guò)判斷、權(quán)衡得失、做出合理性選擇?并舉例：人工智能無(wú)人駕駛車在路上行駛時(shí)，能否去避免撞到兒童，并且這樣會(huì)使乘客陷入危險(xiǎn)，在這樣兩難的選擇中，如何權(quán)衡得失，做出最合理的行為。所以該題選擇B選項(xiàng)。
53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
B.How to ensure that super-intelligent Al machines act ethically.
解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞bigger challenge回文定位至文章第3段Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.使得機(jī)器人具有道德判斷意識(shí)甚至比人類更加智能，這或?qū)⒊蔀槿祟愃媾R的更大的挑戰(zhàn)。故B選項(xiàng)為正選。
54. What do we learn from Microsoft’s “chat bot” Taylor?
A.She could not distinguish good from bad.
解析：通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞“chat bot” Taylor可定位至文章第四段，尾句but轉(zhuǎn)折處but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.該句句意為：一些人教泰勒種族主義的思想，但她卻表達(dá)了關(guān)于希特勒積極的言論?？梢娞├詹荒軈^(qū)分善惡與好壞。故此題A選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。
55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
C.It will prove to be an asset to human beings.
解析：本題為態(tài)度題，通過(guò)專有名詞Eric Schmidt定位至文章最后一段Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own Alpha Go. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. 說(shuō)AI對(duì)人類是積極的，也就是說(shuō)，可以作為人類的一種資產(chǎn)。故選擇C。
【四級(jí)翻譯參考譯文】
Due to the rapid development of communication network, the number of Chinese smartphone users has grown at an alarming rate in recent years. This has dramatically changed the ways of reading for many people. They now often read news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers. The development of a large number of mobile applications enables people to read novels and other forms of literature works on their mobile phones. Therefore, the sale of paper books has been affected. But the survey shows that despite the steady growth of the mobile phones’ reading market, more than half of adults still like to read paper books.
【四級(jí)翻譯答案解析】
2018年12月四級(jí)翻譯真題一共包含5句話，讀完整個(gè)段落，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其描述的是現(xiàn)如今一種普遍存在的現(xiàn)象，所以，在翻譯的過(guò)程中，廣大考生選取一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)便可。確定完時(shí)態(tài)后，接下來(lái)我們要做的便是精簡(jiǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，具體如下：
?、儆捎?.....的......發(fā)展，......數(shù)量......增長(zhǎng)。
?、谶@......改變了......的......方式。
?、鬯麄?.....，而不......。
?、?.....使人們能......
⑤因此，......的......受到了影響。
?、薜?.....，盡管......，......仍......。
掌握了上述結(jié)構(gòu)之后，廣大考生需要做的便是將段落中涉及的詞匯進(jìn)行翻譯，再結(jié)合具體實(shí)際采用不同的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表述，最終呈現(xiàn)出完整的文章。“由于”一詞的翻譯我們通常采用“due to”比較地道，“通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)”一詞是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的專有名詞，譯為“communication network”，“以驚人的速度增長(zhǎng)”的常用表達(dá)是“at an alarming rate”。掌握了以上這些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)后，權(quán)衡好語(yǔ)句的表述重心，完整地譯出整句話便不成難題。接下來(lái)的幾句話中涉及的詞匯并不是很難，只要大家平時(shí)廣泛閱讀，勤奮積累，完全可以應(yīng)對(duì)上述詞匯的翻譯。
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